Marc Hilmi, MD, PhD

Research Fellow

Marc Hilmi, MD, PhD

Research Fellow
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Marc Hilmi

Education

M.D. in Medical Oncology, Paris Sorbonne University; Ph.D. in Biology, Paris Sciences Lettres University

I am a physician-scientist specializing in medical oncology, with a focus on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Trained at the University of Paris La Sorbonne, I further specialized in GI malignancies at the Curie Institute, France, where I served as an Assistant Professor. My research is driven by a long-standing fascination with the interplay between bacteria and tumors, a theme that has been central to my scientific investigations.

My work has contributed key insights into the cancer-microbiome-immune axis, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and anal squamous cell carcinoma, where our team demonstrated that Fusobacterium nucleatum is an independent favorable prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery. I also led a pan-tumoral ancillary analysis of the SHIVA-01 trial, showing an association between PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and microbial diversity, reinforcing the critical relationship between the microbiome and cancer immunity. Expanding on this field, my current research investigates microbiota in metastases, its role in shaping the immune microenvironment, and how microbial composition evolves over time across multiple cancer types, leveraging Curie-sponsored clinical trials (SHIVA-02, SCANDARE).

Collaborating with the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), I contributed to a landmark study demonstrating that targeting tumor-associated bacteria can trigger an anticancer cytotoxic T-cell response. Additionally, I co-lead a nationwide pharmaco-epidemiological study evaluating the impact of perioperative antibiotics on cancer recurrence following colorectal cancer surgery.

My strong interest in pancreatic cancer was shaped by my Master of Science in 2018, under the mentorship of Prof. C. Neuzillet and Dr. R. Nicolle. During my PhD, I explored the link between intratumoral bacteria and pancreatic adenocarcinoma heterogeneity, analyzing tumor samples from the PRODIGE 24 trial using advanced bioinformatics approaches—including 16S sequencing, RNA sequencing, metatranscriptomics, multiplex protein profiling, and digital spatial pathology. This work redefined patient phenotype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer based on intratumoral epithelial diversity, an approach I am now applying to cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells.

In addition to translational research, I am actively involved in clinical trials within the French GERCOR/PRODIGE intergroup. As a junior principal investigator, I co-lead two pivotal trials with Prof. C. Neuzillet:

  • PACSIGN: A Curie-sponsored pilot trial of personalized first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer, integrating transcriptomic signatures.
  • PANORAMIX: A randomized phase II trial evaluating the role of antibiotics in enhancing the antitumoral activity of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

Additionally, I am leading ancillary studies, which bridge translational research with clinical applications.

At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, I am currently investigating mechanisms of resistance and response to combined PARP and PD-1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer, as part of the POLAR phase II trial. This study evaluates the efficacy of pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) and olaparib (PARP inhibitor) in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients with HRD mutations or exceptional responses to platinum-based chemotherapy. Leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex protein profiling, I aim to unravel tumor evolution, fibroblast dynamics, and immune responses under therapy, with the ultimate goal of identifying predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.

My expertise spans digital pathology, genomics, microbiota, statistics, and immunology, enabling me to collaborate across disciplines and translate cutting-edge research into meaningful clinical impact. I am deeply committed to bridging science and medicine to advance precision oncology and improve outcomes for patients with GI cancers.

Publications

  1.  Hilmi M, Cros J, Puleo F, Augustin J, Emile JF, Svrcek M, Hammel, P., Arsenijevic, T., Van Laethem, J. L., Bachet, J. B., & Nicolle, R. Tumour and stroma RNA signatures predict more accurately distant recurrence than clinicopathological factors in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2021;148:171-80.
  2. Hilmi M, Kamal M, Vacher S, Dupain C, Ibadioune S, Halladjian M, Sablin MP, Marret G, Ajgal ZC, Nijnikoff M, Salomon A, El Beaino Z, Servant N, Dureau S, Sokol H, Nicolle R, Le Tourneau C, Bieche I, Neuzillet C. Intratumoral microbiome is driven by metastatic site and associated with immune histopathological parameters: An ancillary study of the SHIVA clinical trial. Eur J Cancer. 2023 Apr;183:152-161.
  3. Hilmi M, Delaye M, Nicolle R, Cros J, Cardot-Ruffino V, Muzzolini M, Neuzillet N. Immunological landscape and future of immune therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Dec;8(12):1129-1142.
  4. Hilmi M, Khati I, Turpin A, Andremont A, Burdet C, Grall N, Vidal J, Bousquet P-J, Rousseau B, Le Bihan-Benjamin C. Association between the antibiotics use and recurrence in patients with resected non-metastatic colorectal cancer: EVADER-1, a nation-wide pharmaco-epidemiologic study. Dig Liver Dis. 2024 Sep 3:S1590-8658(24)00892-2.
  5. Hilmi M, Delecourt F, Raffenne J, Bourega T, Dusetti N, Iovanna J, Blum Y, Richard M, Neuzillet C, Couvelard A, De Mestier L, Rebours V, Nicolle R, Cros J. Redefining phenotypic intratumor heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a bottom-up approach. J Pathol. 2025 Feb. Epub ahead of print.